In Belgium, Luc Brughmans uses it in te "La planche à jazz" plays horizontally, with attachment to à snare harness. In 2010 Saint Blues Guitar Workshop launched an electric washboard percussion instrument called the Woogie Board. Likewise, Willie's son, Tee Don Landry, continues the traditional hand manufacturing of rubboards in his small shop in Sunset, Louisiana, between Lafayette and Opelousas. Clifton's brother Cleveland Chenier famously played this newly designed rubboard using bottle openers. It was designed in 1946 by Clifton Chenier and fashioned by Willie Landry, a friend and metalworker at the Texaco refinery in Port Arthur, Texas. It is one of the few musical instruments invented entirely in the United States and represents a distillation of the washboard into essential elements ( percussive surface with shoulder straps). The frottoir, also called a Zydeco rub-board, is a mid-20th century invention designed specifically for Zydeco music. Washboard Doc, Washboard Willie, and Washboard Sam were famous players. This led to the development of Jug bands which used jugs, spoons, and washboards to provide the rhythm. The washboard as a percussion instrument ultimately derives from the practice of hamboning as practiced in West Africa and brought to the new world by enslaved Africans. Washboards, called " zatulas", are also occasionally used in Ukrainian folk music. There is a Polish traditional jazz festival and music award named " Złota Tarka" (Golden Washboard). The third (and least common) method, used by Washboard Sam, Súle Greg Wilson of the Carolina Chocolate Drops and Sankofa Strings, and Deryck Guyler, is to hold it in a perpendicular orientation between the legs while seated, so that both sides of the board might be played at the same time. The second, used by European players like David Langlois of the Blue Vipers of Brooklyn, Ben Turner of Piedmont Bluz, and Stephane Seva of Paris Washboard, is to hold it horizontally across the lap, or, for more complex setups, to mount it horizontally on a purpose-built stand. The first, mainly used by American players like Washboard Chaz of the Washboard Chaz Blues Trio and Ralf Reynolds of the Reynolds Brothers Rhythm Rascals, is to drape it vertically down the chest. There are three general ways of deploying the washboard for use as an instrument. (Of Boo Bradley, Madison WI Busking on a washboard However, in a jazz setting, the washboard can also be played with thimbles on all fingers, tapping out much more complex rhythms, as in The Washboard Rhythm Kings, a full-sized band, and Newman Taylor Baker.īradley S. Its best sound is achieved using a single steel-wire snare-brush or whisk broom. In a four-beat measure, the washboard will stroke on the 2-beat and the 4-beat. In a jug band, the washboard can also be stroked with a single whisk broom and functions as the drums for the band, playing only on the back-beat for most songs, a substitute for a snare drum. It tends to play counter-rhythms to the drummer. In Zydeco bands, the frottoir is usually played with bottle openers, to make a louder sound. The frottoir or vest frottoir is played as a stroked percussion instrument, often in a band with a drummer, while the washboard generally is a replacement for drums. It is played primarily with spoon handles or bottle openers in a combination of strumming, scratching, tapping and rolling. Conversely, the frottoir (zydeco rubboard) dispenses with the frame and consists simply of the metal ribbing hung around the neck. Often the washboard has additional traps, such as a wood block, a cowbell, and even small cymbals. As traditionally used in jazz, zydeco, skiffle, jug band, and old-time music, the washboard remained in its wooden frame and is played primarily by tapping, but also scraping the washboard with thimbles. The washboard and frottoir (from Cajun French "frotter", to rub) are used as a percussion instrument, employing the ribbed metal surface of the cleaning device as a rhythm instrument.
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